Claims before the RPD, appeals to the RAD, judicial review and PRRA. High-stakes, deadline-driven work that rewards preparation.
A refugee claim is one of the highest-stakes matters in Canadian law. The deadlines are short, the record you build early shapes everything that follows, and a single missed date can end a claim before it is heard. This is work that rewards preparation and precision.
A claim for refugee protection is assessed first by the Refugee Protection Division (RPD) of the Immigration and Refugee Board. If you claim at a port of entry, you must complete and submit your Basis of Claim (BOC) form to the RPD within 15 days. If the BOC is late, the RPD may treat the claim as abandoned. The BOC is the foundation of the case, and it must be complete, consistent and credible.
Most claims are decided after an oral hearing, where credibility, country-condition evidence and the consistency of your account are tested. Careful preparation of evidence and testimony is where cases are won or lost.
If the RPD refuses, many claimants can appeal to the Refugee Appeal Division (RAD). The notice of appeal is generally due within 15 days of receiving the written reasons, and the appellant’s record must be perfected within 45 days. The RAD usually decides on the written record, so the quality of that record is decisive.
Where the RAD also refuses, you may seek leave for judicial review at the Federal Court, generally within 15 days. A Pre-Removal Risk Assessment (PRRA) is available only after the Canada Border Services Agency notifies you, on a short deadline, and for failed claimants it is usually limited to new evidence and subject to a one-year bar. These are narrow doors, and they close quickly.
This page is general legal information and is not legal advice. For your own situation, please book a consultation.
Immigration, family, corporate or cross-border. We will tell you honestly what can be done, and what cannot.
Book a Consultation难民申请，是加拿大法律中风险最高的事务之一。时限很短，你在早期搭建的案卷会影响其后的一切，而错过一个日期，就可能让案子在尚未被审理前就终结。这是一项以充分准备和精确著称、也因此而取胜的工作。
难民保护申请首先由移民及难民局(IRB)下设的难民保护处(RPD)审理。若你在入境口岸提出申请，必须在15天内向RPD递交完成的申请依据表(Basis of Claim, BOC)。BOC逾期，RPD可能视申请为放弃。BOC是整个案件的根基，必须完整、一致、可信。
大多数申请会在一次口头听证后作出裁决，听证会检验可信性、来源国状况证据以及你陈述的一致性。证据与证词的细致准备，正是案件成败的关键所在。
若RPD拒绝，许多申请人可向难民上诉处(RAD)上诉。上诉通知书一般须在收到书面理由后15天内递交，上诉人案卷(appellant’s record)须在45天内完善。RAD通常基于书面案卷作出裁决，因此案卷的质量具有决定性意义。
若RAD亦拒绝，你可在一般15天内向联邦法院申请司法复议许可。遣返前风险评估(PRRA)只有在加拿大边境服务局(CBSA)通知你之后才能申请，期限很短；对被拒申请人而言，通常仅限于新证据，并受一年禁止期限制。这些都是很窄的门，而且关得很快。
本页为一般法律信息，不构成法律意见。针对您的具体情况，请预约咨询。